Saint Peter, the First Pope

In the Catechism of the Catholic Church, we learn that the pope's role comes from Jesus Christ’s special choice of Saint Peter to lead the Church. Jesus told Peter: “And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the Kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” (Matthew 16:18-19) Jesus gave Peter the responsibility to guide and protect the faith.

Understanding the Papacy

The papacy refers to the sacred office and ministry through which the pope serves as the spiritual leader of Catholics and the shepherd of the universal Church. Papal authority has been passed down from Saint Peter to each pope throughout history as the pope serves as the Bishop of Rome. As the successor of Saint Peter, the pope is the visible head of the worldwide Church, entrusted with guiding the faithful in matters of faith and morals. The pope keeps the Church united and faithful to Christ's teachings, guided by the Holy Spirit. Each pope, through his unique witness and leadership, leaves a legacy remembered by the Church.

Pope Francis (2013-2025)

Jorge Mario Bergoglio, who would later become Pope Francis, was born on December 17, 1936, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, into a humble family of Italian immigrants. As a young man, he initially studied chemistry, but God had other plans for him. At the age of 21, he felt a strong calling to the priesthood and joined the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, where he began his journey of service to God. His early years were filled with prayer, study, and a deep love for helping others, especially the poor. As he grew in faith, he became more dedicated to living simply and serving those in need—values that would continue to guide him throughout his life as a priest, bishop, and eventually, pope.

A Humble Shepherd from Argentina

Known for his deep intellect and pastoral heart, he taught theology and served as a spiritual director, always emphasizing the importance of mercy, humility, and closeness to the people. In 1992, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires and later became Archbishop in 1998, continuing to live a life of simplicity even as his responsibilities grew.

As a bishop, he rode the bus to work and often chose simple meals and modest housing. He declined many of the traditional privileges of his office, preferring to walk among the people and be present in their daily struggles.

The Papacy and Legacy of Pope Francis

In 2013, he became the first pope from the Americas, the first Jesuit to lead the Church, and the first to take the name Francis—inspired by Saint Francis of Assisi and his love for the poor and for all of God’s creation. His lifestyle reflected his belief that the pope is, above all, a servant. Pope Francis’s time as pope was marked by a deep focus on mercy, care for the environment, and outreach to those on the margins of society. He invited the world to see the Church as a “field hospital” for the wounded, offering comfort and healing rather than judgment. Most of all, Pope Francis reminded us that faith is not about perfection, but about love and mercy.

Catholic homeschool connection: Read Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’ with older children or discuss ways that God calls us to be stewards of creation. His message about caring for the poor and welcoming strangers is a powerful springboard for family prayer and service projects.

Electing a New Pope: Teaching Catholic Kids About Conclave

While the death of the pope is an occasion for mourning, Catholics also give thanks for his leadership, pray for the Church in a time of transition, and ask the Holy Spirit to guide the election of the next pope.

What Is Conclave?

When a pope dies, a unique and ancient Church tradition begins. Cardinals gather from all over the world to pray and discern who the next Holy Father should be. This gathering is called a conclave, from the Latin words meaning “with a key,” since the cardinals meet in secret, away from outside influence, so they can listen only to the Holy Spirit.

Catholic homeschool connection: This process of conclave is unlike other election processes in our world today. Reflect as a family about ways that prayer, quiet, and discernment are a part of your family’s important decisions.

What Happens During the Conclave?

Only cardinals under the age of 80 are allowed to vote, and they meet in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. They pray together, celebrate Mass, and vote—sometimes for several days. When no decision has been made, black smoke rises from the chapel chimney. But when a new pope is chosen, white smoke appears, and bells ring out across Rome and the world.

This can be a very exciting moment for families to watch together and talk about! It reminds our families that the Holy Spirit is truly active in the life of the Church.

Catholic homeschool connection: Consider creating a papal election unit study, with activities like making your own ballot box, learning about the Vatican, or creating a timeline.

Joyfully Welcoming A Pope

When, during conclave, white smoke appears from the chapel chimney and the new pope steps out onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, the world watches in anticipation. The words “Habemus Papam”—“We have a pope!”—mark the beginning of a new chapter in Church history.

A Leader for All Catholic Families

The new pope will bring his own unique gifts and personality to the papacy, but one thing will remain the same: he will lead the Church, and will teach and guide Catholics in faith. Explain to your children that, just as Jesus chose Peter to be the rock of the Church, each new pope stands in Peter’s place. This is a wonderful example of how God continues to care for His Church throughout every generation.

When the new pope is elected, there are many ways that your family, as the domestic Church, can celebrate. These little gestures can help Catholic kids and families feel personally connected to the rich and historic traditions of the Catholic Church.

Catholic homeschool connection: Pray as a family for the Holy Father from the very start. You might even begin a new family tradition of offering a daily Hail Mary.

The papal transition is an opportunity for families to learn about and live the Catholic faith. As we pray for the repose of Pope Francis, we thank God for his service, wisdom, and love. And as we welcome a new pope, we are reminded that the Church is always moving forward, guided by the Holy Spirit.